11. According to _________, humans were born basically good with the goal of raising children being to protect them from the corrupting influence of society.
a. the religious leaders during the Middle Ages
b. John Locke
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Jean Jacques Rousseau
12. JoAnna is being home schooled and is only allowed to watch selected television programs. Her parents believe that their daughter was born basically good and could be easily corrupted by society if they do not protect her from it. The type of childrearing being utilized by JoAnna’s parents would be closest to the view of
a. the religious leaders during the Middle Ages.
b. John Locke.
c. Jean Jacques Rousseau.
d. Sigmund Freud.
13. Books, such as Holt’s The Care and Feeding of Children did not become popular until the nineteenth century when
a. there was a middle class.
b. more adults could read.
c. there was a reduction in infant mortality.
d. the church focused more on childrearing.
14. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding historical changes that affected the role of children in society?
a. Many infants never survived their first years of life until the mid-1800s.
b. In a survey of physicians in 1833, only two out of 28 physicians considered a hour workday to be excessive for children.
c. In the early 1900s, there was legislation passed in Britain and the U.S. that emphasized childhood as a distinct development period.
d. All of these statements are true.
15. In the 1800’s, ___________ provided the justification for studying children scientifically since children were a “natural museum” of adaptive traits that might help us understand the history of our species.
a. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution
b. John Locke’s theory of tabula rasa
c. Jean Jacques Rousseau’s doctrine of innate goodness
d. the doctrine of original sin
16. _________ developed the theory of evolution, which proposed that new species emerge through a gradual process directed by natural selection.
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. William James
c. John Locke
d. Charles Darwin
17. The theory of evolution proposed that new species emerge through a gradual process directed by
a. recapitulation.
b. natural selection.
c. cohort effects.
d. learning.
18. _________ is widely regarded as the founder of developmental psychology and is considered the father of the scientific study of adolescence.
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. William James
c. John Locke
d. Charles Darwin
19. __________’s book Senescence: The Second Half of Life marked the beginning of the psychology of aging.
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. William James
c. John Locke
d. John Watson
20. Interest in aging increased in the 1900s due to a phenomenon called the ________, which refers to the demographic change in industrialized countries from there being few older individuals to the current pattern in which elderly people are a significant proportion of the population.
a. washout effect
b. sleeper effect
c. third variable problem
d. squaring of the pyramid