Results Assignment
Cover Page
Proposed Study Title
Health
beliefs and the relationship between university students in academic
performance and physical activity.
Write your research question here
Is
there a correlation between the hours spent at university students
undertaking physical activity and academic performance?
Write your hypotheses here
Hypothesis
1: university students who spent more hours studying did less total
hours of moderate physical activity?
Hypothesis
2: Students who studied less than 20 minutes spent more minutes
walking.
Hypothesis
3: students with a higher HBM rating spent more time in vigorous
physical activity
Description of your study participants (1 paragraph max.)
There were a total of 195 participants in the study population. Most respondents were aged between the ages of 21 > years (126, 64.6%) and the lowest proportion were students aged 19-20 years (69, 35.4%). Compared to males, there was a higher proportion of females (128, 66.2%) (69, 33.8%). Overall, 49 (25.1%) of students were enrolled in Bachelor of Paramedic Science, while only 17 (8.7 %) of total participants were enrolled in Bachelor of Exercise Science.
Table 1. Participant Characteristics
| Characteristics | Descriptive stats |
| Age(Years) | N (%) |
| 19-20 21> | 69 (35.4%) 126 (64.6%) |
| Gender |
|
| Males | 69 (33.8%) |
| Females | 128 (66.2%) |
|
|
|
| University Degrees |
|
| Bachelor of Education & Bachelor of Health Science | 20 (10.3%) |
| Bachelor of Paramedic Science | 49 (25.1%) |
| Bachelor of Disability and Developmental Education | 23 (11.8%) |
| Bachelor of Exercise Science | 17 (8.7%) |
| Bachelor of Health Sciences OR Bachelor of Health Sciences, Graduate Diploma in Environmental Health Practice OR Bachelor of Health Sciences/Bachelor of Business OR Bachelor of Health Sciences/Bachelor of Nursing OR Bachelor of Human Nutrition | 40 (20.5%) |
| Bachelor of Health Sciences, Master of Occupational Therapy OR Bachelor of Health Sciences, Master of Physiotherapy | 46 (23.6%) |
| total time that spent walking, to get to or from places, for physical fitness, recreation or sport in the last week. (minutes) Median, (25th ), ( 75th ) | 180.0, (80.0) , (400.0) |
| total time that spent doing any vigorous physical activity. Minutes Median, (25th), (75th) | 120.0, (60.0), (240.0) |
| the total time that spent doing any other more moderate physical activity. Minutes Median, (25th), (75th) | 60.0 (10.0), (120.0) |
| How many hours per week do you spent on work/study (Hours) Mean ± SD | 21.68± 10.459 |
| Belief of HBM Median, (25th ), (75th) | 20.0, (19.0), (21.0) |
Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis 1
Were the
assumptions of this test met?
Because both variables are continuous variables and were linearly connected, assumptions were met.
Which statistical test did you use to test hypothesis 1?
The Spearmans Rho’ test was the methodology used to test hypothesis one.
Write the result for this test using numbers.
R= -.077, P=.294 N=190
Write your interpretation of this test using words.
In examining the results of the statistics spearman’s rho determined that there was no significance whether university students wh spent more hours studying did fewer hours of moderate physical activity, r,=.0.77, p<0.294, N=190 . The Null hypothesis was retained.
Hypothesis 2
Were the
assumptions of this test met?
The test’s conclusions have been met. The scale variable was not normally distributed, so one variable with two independent groups was a nominal variable.
Which statistical test did you use to test hypothesis 2?
The second hypothesis was examined using the Mann Whitney U test.
Write the result for this test using numbers.
Mann Whitney U= 5387.500
Median,150, 200 (25th) 240, (75th) 320.
Write your interpretation of this test using words.
Hypothesis 3
Were the
assumptions of this test met?
As both variables are marginal, the assumptions of the Chi-squared experiment were fulfilled, and the groups were independent. 0 cells predicted observations below 5 with the minimum expected count being 13.28.
Which statistical test did you use to test hypothesis 3?
Chi-square
Write the result for this test using numbers.
χ2 (1, n=195) =0.12, p=0.254. n=24= (64.9% up (to 3 hours) Males, N= 13 = (35.1%) over 3 hours.
Write your interpretation of this test using words.
Appendix 1 – SPSS output for descriptive information
| Statistics | ||||||
|
| PAWalk | PAVigorous | PAModerate | WorkStudy | bielief of HBM | |
| N | Valid | 195 | 195 | 192 | 193 | 195 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | |
| Mean | 341.17 | 166.03 | 93.18 | 21.68 | 19.5949 | |
| Median | 180.00 | 120.00 | 60.00 | 20.00 | 20.0000 | |
| Std. Deviation | 450.165 | 148.616 | 233.850 | 10.459 | 2.42516 | |
| Skewness | 2.580 | 1.634 | 10.410 | .566 | -4.000 | |
| Std. Error of Skewness | .174 | .174 | .175 | .175 | .174 | |
| Kurtosis | 7.456 | 3.719 | 126.669 | -.202 | 22.247 | |
| Std. Error of Kurtosis | .346 | .346 | .349 | .348 | .346 | |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3.00 | |
| Maximum | 2600 | 900 | 3000 | 50 | 21.00 | |
| Percentiles | 25 | 80.00 | 60.00 | 10.00 | 13.00 | 19.0000 |
| 50 | 180.00 | 120.00 | 60.00 | 20.00 | 20.0000 | |
| 75 | 400.00 | 240.00 | 120.00 | 30.00 | 21.0000 |
| Age | |||||
|
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | 1 | 69 | 35.4 | 35.4 | 35.4 |
| 2 | 126 | 64.6 | 64.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 195 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
|
| Gender | |||||
|
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | 1 | 66 | 33.8 | 33.8 | 33.8 |
| 2 | 129 | 66.2 | 66.2 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 195 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
|
| Course | |||||
|
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | 1 | 20 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 |
| 2 | 49 | 25.1 | 25.1 | 35.4 | |
| 3 | 23 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 47.2 | |
| 4 | 17 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 55.9 | |
| 5 | 40 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 76.4 | |
| 6 | 46 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 195 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
|
| belief | |||||
|
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | 1.00 | 37 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 |
| 2.00 | 158 | 81.0 | 81.0 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 195 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
|
| PAVig categories | |||||
|
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | up to 3 hrs | 125 | 64.1 | 64.1 | 64.1 |
| over 3 hrs | 70 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 195 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
|
| study categories hrs | |||||
|
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | |
| Valid | less than 20 hrs | 83 | 42.6 | 42.6 | 42.6 |
| more than 20 hrs | 112 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 195 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
|
Appendix 2 – SPSS output for hypothesis 1 test
| Correlations | ||||
|
| WorkStudy | PAModerate | ||
| Spearman’s rho | WorkStudy | Correlation Coefficient | 1.000 | -.077 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | . | .294 | ||
| N | 193 | 190 | ||
| PAModerate | Correlation Coefficient | -.077 | 1.000 | |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .294 | . | ||
| N | 190 | 192 |
Appendix 3 – SPSS output for hypothesis 2 test
| Descriptives | ||||
|
| study categories hrs | Statistic | Std. Error | |
| PAWalk | less than 20 hrs | Mean | 295.75 | 43.869 |
| 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | Lower Bound | 208.48 |
| |
| Upper Bound | 383.02 |
| ||
| 5% Trimmed Mean | 238.57 |
| ||
| Median | 150.00 |
| ||
| Variance | 159729.386 |
| ||
| Std. Deviation | 399.662 |
| ||
| Minimum | 0 |
| ||
| Maximum | 1680 |
| ||
| Range | 1680 |
| ||
| Interquartile Range | 240 |
| ||
| Skewness | 2.267 | .264 | ||
| Kurtosis | 4.686 | .523 | ||
| more than 20 hrs | Mean | 374.84 | 45.659 | |
| 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | Lower Bound | 284.36 |
| |
| Upper Bound | 465.32 |
| ||
| 5% Trimmed Mean | 301.21 |
| ||
| Median | 200.00 |
| ||
| Variance | 233492.983 |
| ||
| Std. Deviation | 483.211 |
| ||
| Minimum | 0 |
| ||
| Maximum | 2600 |
| ||
| Range | 2600 |
| ||
| Interquartile Range | 320 |
| ||
| Skewness | 2.666 | .228 | ||
| Kurtosis | 7.961 | .453 |
| Independent-Samples Mann-Whitney U Test Summary | |
| Total N | 195 |
| Mann-Whitney U | 5387.500 |
| Wilcoxon W | 11715.500 |
| Test Statistic | 5387.500 |
| Standard Error | 389.053 |
| Standardized Test Statistic | 1.901 |
| Asymptotic Sig.(2-sided test) | .057 |
Appendix 4 – SPSS output for hypothesis 3 test
| belief * PAVig categories Crosstabulation | |||||
|
| PAVig categories | Total | |||
| up to 3 hrs | over 3 hrs | ||||
| belief | 1.00 | Count | 24 | 13 | 37 |
| % within belief | 64.9% | 35.1% | 100.0% | ||
| 2.00 | Count | 101 | 57 | 158 | |
| % within belief | 63.9% | 36.1% | 100.0% | ||
| Total | Count | 125 | 70 | 195 | |
| % within belief | 64.1% | 35.9% | 100.0% |
| Chi-Square Tests | |||||
|
| Value | df | Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) | Exact Sig. (2-sided) | Exact Sig. (1-sided) |
| Pearson Chi-Square | .012a | 1 | .914 |
|
|
| Continuity Correctionb | .000 | 1 | 1.000 |
|
|
| Likelihood Ratio | .012 | 1 | .914 |
|
|
| Fisher’s Exact Test |
|
|
| 1.000 | .537 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | .011 | 1 | .915 |
|
|
| N of Valid Cases | 195 |
|
|
|
|
| a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 13.28. | |||||
| b. Computed only for a 2×2 table |
Research Journal
Week 8
I had a rough time today understanding and following the cleaning process when it came to using SPSS I tried to follow the workbook that was given but the information was overwhelming, not sure how ill go during this process. Will try to use the book I got to assist.
Week 9
Very overwhelmed by this process I didn’t have the courage to ask for help as I was starting to stress out and tried to work things out on my own could only stare blankly at the screen and have spoken to Kirsty about my difficulties.
16/10/2019
Very stressed today I completed broke down. I hadn’t felt like this for a long time I almost absconded from the university and was in a very distressed state. Will contact Kirsty for assistance.
25/10/19
Got some assistance today with the topic coordinator and it helped me a lot to understand my work and the things I needed to do. Gave clarity some what. Will copy my data to one drive and try to work on it with my own copy of SPSS. And will try to get further feedback with Susan.
4/11/19
Sitting down with Susan helped a lot as now I know what pieces of information to exactly provide in writing my results assignment it will now help me finally to destress and to further research articles for the final assignment.