- Correlations can
a. explain why variables are related.
b. predict relationships.
c. show cause-and-effect relationships.
d. do all of these.
- The _ exists when two variables are correlated because they are both associated with a third variable, not because one causes the other.
a. washout effect
b. sleep effect
c. third variable problem
d. dependent variable problem
- The possibility of _ makes it impossible to make causal influences from a single correlation coefficient.
a. washout effects
b. sleep effects
c. dependent variables
d. third variables
- The less a person likes computer, the poorer the person performs on computerized memory tests. However, poor health increases one’s anxiety toward complicated tasks as well as poor health affecting memory. Thus, poor health may be responsible for the other two variables. This situation is an example of the
a. washout effect.
b. sleep effect.
c. third variable problem.
d. dependent variable problem.
- The best way to determine cause-and-effect relationships is to use
a. a case study.
b. a correlation study.
c. an experiment.
d. the survey method.
- A(n) __ is a research method for discovering cause-effect relationships that involves manipulating one variable to discover its effect on another variable.
a. case study
b. correlation study
c. experiment
d. survey
- To design an experiment, researcher begin by formulating a(n) _ about a specific causal relationship.
a. theory
b. hypothesis
c. probability
d. metamodel
- To test the hypothesis that misleading questions posed to children might actually cause false reports, researchers brought children into the laboratory to talk about events with some children being interviewed using suggestive questions and others interviewed with open-ended questions. The accuracy of the children’s event descriptions was then measured. These researchers are conducting
a. a case study.
b. archival research.
c. a correlation study.
d. an experiment.
- The __ variable is the one that a researcher manipulates in the experiment.
a. independent
b. dependent
c. extraneous
d. control
- The __ variable is variable a researcher measures in an experiment to determine the influence of the manipulated variable.
a. independent
b. dependent
c. experimental
d. control